Total population (million), 2003

16.9

Population growth (annual %), 2003

2.7

Population density (people per km²), 2003

29.1

Rural population (as % of total population), 2003

69.2

Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people), 2003

38.3

Crude death rate (per 1,000 people), 2003

11.9

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000live births),2003

78.0

Under 5 mortality rate (per 1,000 children),2003

126.0

Life expectancy at birth, total(years), 2003

55.7

Prevalence of HIV , total(%of population aged 15-49), 2003

1.7

Total labour force (million), 2003

8.1

Female labour force as % of total

44.5

Number of rural poor (million)(approximate),1999

8.2

Rural population below the poverty line(%), 1999

76.7

Population living below $1 a day (%), 2001

61.0

Population living below $2 a day (%), 2001

85.1

Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1999

71.3

Share of income or consumption lowest 20% ,2001

4.9

School enrolment, primary (% gross), 2002

119.6

Literacy rate, adult total(%  People ages 15 and above)

..

Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5), 2002

33.1

Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5)

48.6

Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

37.0

Daily calorie supply per capita, 2000-2002

2,060.0

Health expenditure, total ( % of GDP), 2002

2.1

Physicians (per 1,000 people) 2002

0.1

Improved water source, rural (% of rural population with access), 2002

34.0

Improved sanitation facilities, rural (% of rural population with access), 2002

27.0

Agricultural labour force (% of total labour force), 20032/

73.0

Food imports (% of merchandise imports)

16.3

Fertilizer consumption (hundreds of grams per ha of arable land) 2002

30.9

Food production index (1999-2001 = 100), 2004

102.5

Cereal yield (kg per ha), 2004

2,105.5

Major Exports (% share in Agriculture) 2003 2/

Vanilla

62.6

Cloves

14.5

Fruits NES, prepared

4.8

Major Imports (% share in Agriculture) 20032/

Oil of soybeans

15.8

Rice, milled

27.9

Sugar, raw centrifugal

10.0

Land area (km² thousand), 2003

581.5

Arable land as % of land area, 2002

5.1

Forest area as % of total land area 2000

20.2

Irrigated land as % of cropland (2001)

30.7

Local currency

Ariary

Exchange rate: US$ 1.00 =

1,810.1 MGA

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current, US$million ), 2003

290.0

GDP (current US$ million), 2003

5,474.1

GDP par habitant growth (annual %)

9.8

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %), 2003

-1.2

Sectoral distribution of GDP 2003

% agriculture

29.2

% industry

15.4

% manufacturing

13.7

% services

55.0

Consumption 2003

General government final consumption expenditure (as % of GDP)

9.2

Household final consumption expenditure, etc. (as % of GDP)

83.0

Gross domestic savings ( % of GDP)

7.8

Merchandise exports (current US$ million), 2003

655.0

Merchandise imports (current US$ million), 2003

1,190.0

Balance of merchandise trade (US$ million), 2003

-535.0

Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$ million), 2003

12.7

Expense (% of GDP) 2000

9.4

Total external debt (DOD, current US$ million), 2003

4,958.3

Present value of debt (as % of GNI)

31.0

Total debt service (% of exports of goods and services), 2003

6.1

Official development assistance and official aid (current US$ millions), 2003

539.5

Lending interest rate (%), 2003

24.3

Deposit interest rate (%), 2003

11.5

Fixed lines and mobile telephones (per 1,000 people), 2003

21.0

Telephone average cost of local call (US$ per three minutes), 2002

0.1

Personal computers (per 1,000 people), 2003

4.9

Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2003

4.3